Law \Law\ (l[add]), n. [OE. lawe, laghe, AS. lagu, from the root
   of E. lie: akin to OS. lag, Icel. l["o]g, Sw. lag, Dan. lov;
   cf. L. lex, E. legal. A law is that which is laid, set, or
   fixed; like statute, fr. L. statuere to make to stand. See
   Lie to be prostrate.]
   1. In general, a rule of being or of conduct, established by
      an authority able to enforce its will; a controlling
      regulation; the mode or order according to which an agent
      or a power acts.
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   Note: A law may be universal or particular, written or
         unwritten, published or secret. From the nature of the
         highest laws a degree of permanency or stability is
         always implied; but the power which makes a law, or a
         superior power, may annul or change it.
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               These are the statutes and judgments and laws,
               which the Lord made.               --Lev. xxvi.
                                                  46.
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               The law of thy God, and the law of the King.
                                                  --Ezra vii.
                                                  26.
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               As if they would confine the Interminable . . .
               Who made our laws to bind us, not himself.
                                                  --Milton.
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               His mind his kingdom, and his will his law.
                                                  --Cowper.
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   2. In morals: The will of God as the rule for the disposition
      and conduct of all responsible beings toward him and
      toward each other; a rule of living, conformable to
      righteousness; the rule of action as obligatory on the
      conscience or moral nature.
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   3. The Jewish or Mosaic code, and that part of Scripture
      where it is written, in distinction from the gospel;
      hence, also, the Old Testament. Specifically: the first
      five books of the bible, called also Torah, Pentatech,
      or Law of Moses.
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            What things soever the law saith, it saith to them
            who are under the law . . . But now the
            righteousness of God without the law is manifested,
            being witnessed by the law and the prophets. --Rom.
                                                  iii. 19, 21.
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   4. In human government:
      (a) An organic rule, as a constitution or charter,
          establishing and defining the conditions of the
          existence of a state or other organized community.
      (b) Any edict, decree, order, ordinance, statute,
          resolution, judicial, decision, usage, etc., or
          recognized, and enforced, by the controlling
          authority.
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   5. In philosophy and physics: A rule of being, operation, or
      change, so certain and constant that it is conceived of as
      imposed by the will of God or by some controlling
      authority; as, the law of gravitation; the laws of motion;
      the law heredity; the laws of thought; the laws of cause
      and effect; law of self-preservation.
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   6. In mathematics: The rule according to which anything, as
      the change of value of a variable, or the value of the
      terms of a series, proceeds; mode or order of sequence.
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   7. In arts, works, games, etc.: The rules of construction, or
      of procedure, conforming to the conditions of success; a
      principle, maxim; or usage; as, the laws of poetry, of
      architecture, of courtesy, or of whist.
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   8. Collectively, the whole body of rules relating to one
      subject, or emanating from one source; -- including
      usually the writings pertaining to them, and judicial
      proceedings under them; as, divine law; English law; Roman
      law; the law of real property; insurance law.
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   9. Legal science; jurisprudence; the principles of equity;
      applied justice.
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            Reason is the life of the law; nay, the common law
            itself is nothing else but reason.    --Coke.
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            Law is beneficence acting by rule.    --Burke.
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            And sovereign Law, that state's collected will
            O'er thrones and globes elate,
            Sits empress, crowning good, repressing ill. --Sir
                                                  W. Jones.
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   10. Trial by the laws of the land; judicial remedy;
       litigation; as, to go law.
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             When every case in law is right.     --Shak.
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             He found law dear and left it cheap. --Brougham.
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   11. An oath, as in the presence of a court. [Obs.] See Wager of law, under Wager.
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   Avogadro's law (Chem.), a fundamental conception, according
      to which, under similar conditions of temperature and
      pressure, all gases and vapors contain in the same volume
      the same number of ultimate molecules; -- so named after
      Avogadro, an Italian scientist. Sometimes called
      Amp[`e]re's law.

   Bode's law (Astron.), an approximative empirical expression
      of the distances of the planets from the sun, as follows:
      -- Mer. Ven. Earth. Mars. Aste. Jup. Sat. Uran. Nep. 4 4 4
      4 4 4 4 4 4 0 3 6 12 24 48 96 192 384 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
      --- --- 4 7 10 16 28 52 100 196 388 5.9 7.3 10 15.2 27.4
      52 95.4 192 300 where each distance (line third) is the
      sum of 4 and a multiple of 3 by the series 0, 1, 2, 4, 8,
      etc., the true distances being given in the lower line.

   Boyle's law (Physics), an expression of the fact, that when
      an elastic fluid is subjected to compression, and kept at
      a constant temperature, the product of the pressure and
      volume is a constant quantity, i. e., the volume is
      inversely proportioned to the pressure; -- known also as
      Mariotte's law, and the law of Boyle and Mariotte.

   Brehon laws. See under Brehon.

   Canon law, the body of ecclesiastical law adopted in the
      Christian Church, certain portions of which (for example,
      the law of marriage as existing before the Council of
      Tent) were brought to America by the English colonists as
      part of the common law of the land. --Wharton.

   Civil law, a term used by writers to designate Roman law,
      with modifications thereof which have been made in the
      different countries into which that law has been
      introduced. The civil law, instead of the common law,
      prevails in the State of Louisiana. --Wharton.

   Commercial law. See Law merchant (below).

   Common law. See under Common.

   Criminal law, that branch of jurisprudence which relates to
      crimes.

   Ecclesiastical law. See under Ecclesiastical.

   Grimm's law (Philol.), a statement (propounded by the
      German philologist Jacob Grimm) of certain regular changes
      which the primitive Indo-European mute consonants,
      so-called (most plainly seen in Sanskrit and, with some
      changes, in Greek and Latin), have undergone in the
      Teutonic languages. Examples: Skr. bh[=a]t[.r], L. frater,
      E. brother, G. bruder; L. tres, E. three, G. drei, Skr.
      go, E. cow, G. kuh; Skr. dh[=a] to put, Gr. ti-qe`-nai, E.
      do, OHG, tuon, G. thun. See also lautverschiebung.

   Kepler's laws (Astron.), three important laws or
      expressions of the order of the planetary motions,
      discovered by John Kepler. They are these: (1) The orbit
      of a planet with respect to the sun is an ellipse, the sun
      being in one of the foci. (2) The areas swept over by a
      vector drawn from the sun to a planet are proportioned to
      the times of describing them. (3) The squares of the times
      of revolution of two planets are in the ratio of the cubes
      of their mean distances.

   Law binding, a plain style of leather binding, used for law
      books; -- called also law calf.

   Law book, a book containing, or treating of, laws.

   Law calf. See Law binding (above).

   Law day.
       (a) Formerly, a day of holding court, esp. a court-leet.
       (b) The day named in a mortgage for the payment of the
           money to secure which it was given. [U. S.]

   Law French, the dialect of Norman, which was used in
      judicial proceedings and law books in England from the
      days of William the Conqueror to the thirty-sixth year of
      Edward III.

   Law language, the language used in legal writings and
      forms.

   Law Latin. See under Latin.

   Law lords, peers in the British Parliament who have held
      high judicial office, or have been noted in the legal
      profession.

   Law merchant, or Commercial law, a system of rules by
      which trade and commerce are regulated; -- deduced from
      the custom of merchants, and regulated by judicial
      decisions, as also by enactments of legislatures.

   Law of Charles (Physics), the law that the volume of a
      given mass of gas increases or decreases, by a definite
      fraction of its value for a given rise or fall of
      temperature; -- sometimes less correctly styled Gay Lussac's law, or Dalton's law.

   Law of nations. See International law, under
      International.

   Law of nature.
       (a) A broad generalization expressive of the constant
           action, or effect, of natural conditions; as, death
           is a law of nature; self-defense is a law of nature.
           See Law, 4.
       (b) A term denoting the standard, or system, of morality
           deducible from a study of the nature and natural
           relations of human beings independent of supernatural
           revelation or of municipal and social usages.

   Law of the land, due process of law; the general law of the
      land.

   Laws of honor. See under Honor.

   Laws of motion (Physics), three laws defined by Sir Isaac
      Newton: (1) Every body perseveres in its state of rest or
      of moving uniformly in a straight line, except so far as
      it is made to change that state by external force. (2)
      Change of motion is proportional to the impressed force,
      and takes place in the direction in which the force is
      impressed. (3) Reaction is always equal and opposite to
      action, that is to say, the actions of two bodies upon
      each other are always equal and in opposite directions.

   Marine law, or Maritime law, the law of the sea; a branch
      of the law merchant relating to the affairs of the sea,
      such as seamen, ships, shipping, navigation, and the like.
      --Bouvier.

   Mariotte's law. See Boyle's law (above).

   Martial law.See under Martial.

   Military law, a branch of the general municipal law,
      consisting of rules ordained for the government of the
      military force of a state in peace and war, and
      administered in courts martial. --Kent. --Warren's
      Blackstone.

   Moral law, the law of duty as regards what is right and
      wrong in the sight of God; specifically, the ten
      commandments given by Moses. See Law, 2.

   Mosaic law, or Ceremonial law. (Script.) See Law, 3.

   Municipal law, or Positive law, a rule prescribed by the
      supreme power of a state, declaring some right, enforcing
      some duty, or prohibiting some act; -- distinguished from
      international law and constitutional law. See Law,
      1.

   Periodic law. (Chem.) See under Periodic.

   Roman law, the system of principles and laws found in the
      codes and treatises of the lawmakers and jurists of
      ancient Rome, and incorporated more or less into the laws
      of the several European countries and colonies founded by
      them. See Civil law (above).

   Statute law, the law as stated in statutes or positive
      enactments of the legislative body.

   Sumptuary law. See under Sumptuary.

   To go to law, to seek a settlement of any matter by
      bringing it before the courts of law; to sue or prosecute
      some one.

   To take the law of, or To have the law of, to bring the
      law to bear upon; as, to take the law of one's neighbor.
      --Addison.

   Wager of law. See under Wager.

   Syn: Justice; equity.

   Usage: Law, Statute, Common law, Regulation, Edict,
          Decree. Law is generic, and, when used with
          reference to, or in connection with, the other words
          here considered, denotes whatever is commanded by one
          who has a right to require obedience. A statute is a
          particular law drawn out in form, and distinctly
          enacted and proclaimed. Common law is a rule of action
          founded on long usage and the decisions of courts of
          justice. A regulation is a limited and often,
          temporary law, intended to secure some particular end
          or object. An edict is a command or law issued by a
          sovereign, and is peculiar to a despotic government. A
          decree is a permanent order either of a court or of
          the executive government. See Justice.
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